Cancer Staging and Skilled Helper Model Essay Example

Cancer Staging and Skilled Helper Model Essay OVERVIEW OF THE SKILLED HELPER MODEL Gerard Egan described 3 stages in his helping model, which he sees as a â€Å"map that helps . . . in your interactions with clients†. †  Each stage can support the helpee in asking a question of themselves. Stage 1: Current scenario: â€Å"What is here? † †¢ This is about building a trusting relationship with the helpee and helping them to explore and clarify their problem situation. †¢ It deals with what is happening now for the helpee. Stage II: Preferred scenario: â€Å"What do I want here? † †¢ This is about helping the helpee to identify what they want. †¢ It is about identifying what options are open to the helpee. Stage III: Action: â€Å"How might I help this to happen? † †¢ This is about supporting the helpee to look at how they might help themselves. †¢ It is about looking at possible outcomes Note: The stages do not necessarily follow this order helping relationships do no t move in a straight line! Client-centred helping is fluid and flexible – and follows the helpee – perhaps moving in a spiral, round and down. This model is useful in helping us to look at the different ‘stages’ that we might experience with a helpee as our relationship develops. † Egan, G. (1994) The Skilled Helper: a Problem Management Approach to Helping. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company (361. 323) Overview of Skilled Helper Model, H Baker, 2009 Helper Skills: empathy; upr; congruence; making maintaining contact; reflecting; attending(to behaviour feeling); clarifying; paraphrasing. Helper Skills: Stage I + identifying themes; focussing; offering alternative perspectives; sharing helper experience/feelings; helping client move to Stage III. Helper Skills: Stage II + facilitate helpee in developing and choosing ways to help self; helping helpee to consider and evaluate their choices. We will write a custom essay sample on Cancer Staging and Skilled Helper Model specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cancer Staging and Skilled Helper Model specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cancer Staging and Skilled Helper Model specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Research Paper on Life Insurance

Research Paper on Life Insurance Life insurance is a safeguard for family members if the major supplier of income were to die and it were to grievously upset the common means for providing the basics of life. This does not include the burdens of financial expenses for burial, taxes, unplanned or emergency expenses, and furthered educational expenses for children or to have the spouse go back to school to become the primary breadwinner of the family. Life insurance is also not affordable when you are young and just starting out with a family and not always a main concern for the young. Most young people to do not think about death or their mortality, and hence, they do not see a necessity for life insurance. As we grow older, our needs and wants to secure a financial future for our loved ones necessitate the need to evaluate all options for achieving this goal. The cost and availability of features such as these could be a key issue in deciding which policy to accept. There are 6 essential types of life insurance: Five types of life insurance Term life insurance Whole life insurance Universal life insurance Variable life insurance Variable universal life insurance People have to decide for themselves what is going to best for them and for their future. Understanding which life insurance policy will be right for you entails setting one primary objective for yourself and your family by answering two basic questions. (Solomon, 236) First, do I simply need death protection in the event of my death? Second, do I want both death protection and a savings element for my family and I to cover retirement costs if I do not pass away before retirement? There are three fundamental approaches to make this decision for most individuals: 1. The Human Life Value approach. 2. The Human Needs approach. 3. The Retirement Needs approach. Since a person does not know whether they will live to retirement or pass away earlier, a good life insurance policy will help provide for both the human and the retirement needs for survivors and themselves. The â€Å"Human Life† approach When evaluating from this approach you should base your decision on the thought that a person has an earning capacity that can be approximately calculated by estimating annual net income (earnings minus all taxes), estimating the remaining years of wage earning, and subtracting the interest that would be earned if all the income were received in a lump sum. This procedure allows a person to pin down how much money will be needed in the event of their death to continue providing an equitable life for their survivors. Estimating your earning capacity is a valuable asset in determining what kind of insurance you will need for when you pass away or retire. The Human Needs approach Using this approach will take into account the settlement costs of a funeral, taxes, mortgages, and or car payments. It will also provide the income the family needs to readjust to a new lifestyle, income for the family until the children leave the home, life income for the surviving spouse, special needs of the family such as college education for the children, and other needs that may arise from unforeseen circumstances. In adopting this approach to your evaluation, income from all avenues of income such as social security, veteran’s benefits, or trust funds will be subtracted from the total needs of the family once a person has passed away. The Retirement Needs approach Utilizing this approach will require coordinating life insurance and/or annuity purchases with other sources of income such as Social Security, pensions, or personal investments to be able to attain prearranged retirement revenue. Once a person has decided what approach would best fit what he attends to accomplish, he then must choose a type of life insurance. You can buy an individual policy through a licensed life insurance information company, which evaluate insurance companies in general. Individuals must keep in mind a life insurance information policy is only as good as the company that wrote it. For this reason, choosing a good insurance company is at least as important as selecting the r ight policy. (Life-Insurance-Information, 3) There are five types of insurance available to individuals for different goals. The Term life insurance coverage will provide protection for a limited, specific period of time depending on the link of coverage selected. If the person covered by the policy should pass away within the time restrictions on the policy, the face or total amount of the policy is payable to the designated beneficiaries. Normally nothing will be paid to the beneficiaries if the individual insured lives longer than the length of the term policy that was selected. Unlike other types of policies, term insurance does not generate cash values. Term life insurance is usually the least expensive course of protection for people interested in life insurance. Some individuals on restricted incomes purchase term life insurance for the basic insurance protection for their families and, as their salaries rise, they convert the term life insurance policy to different forms of life insurance policies. Another type of whole life insurance is a permanent insurance or a universal life insurance policy. Unlike term insurance policies, permanent life insurance has no specified term of coverage for individuals. Flexible premium or Universal Life Insurance is a life insurance policy designed as a permanent policy for the covered individual(s), but it is different from traditional term life insurance policies because it allows the policy owner to vary the amount and timing of premium payments. The policy also allows the policy owner to increase or decrease the death benefit. Monetary values will accumulate based on premium payments that are selected during the selection of the policy. Usually monthly deductions are subtracted from this fund for the expenses and cost of insurance. The interest is added to this fund afterwards. In some cases the interest rates are stated by the company and vary from time to time depending on the policy. Under federal law, guideline s are defined for policies to maintain status as life insurance under the Internal Revenue Code. This law puts a cap on total payments to the contract and provides a minimum relationship of death benefit to cash value. Permanent life insurance is subject to a different set of policy conditions normally. A permanent life policy requires for premiums to be paid for as long as the insured individual lives and a permanent life policy accumulates a set cash value during the covered period. If the individual insured were to pass away then the death benefit is payable to the beneficiaries listed on the policy. But the policy can be turned in before the insured individual were to pass away, then the net worth is payable to the insured individual. Another aspect of this policy allows for loans to be made from the insurance company against the monetary value of the policy at a rate of return promised in the policy as security. The maximum loan rate guaranteed in the insurance policy may be mu ch lower than that available from a bank or other financial institution. Regardless of where the loan is secured from, if the insured individual where to pass away prior to the loan being repaid, the amount of the loan and any interest due must be repaid from the death-benefit amount before the beneficiaries will receive any compensation. Variable life insurance is also a type of permanent insurance but you decide how the premiums are invested instead of the insurer. Variable universal is a combination of variable and whole life insurance policies. These plans allow for variable premiums and the ability to choose your own investments of premiums. Variable/Adjustable: much like universal insurance except it links your death benefits and premiums directly to your investments performance. Youll also have more control over how the premiums are invested. (4 Insurance, 6) Life insurance is a good bet but you must know what you need and what you hope to achieve by it. Good research and pro per planning can accomplish several different options and goals, it is your choice to want to secure a better financial future incase of death or just to have a partial cash saving and investment plan.

CHild abuse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CHild abuse - Research Paper Example It’s an underreported crime, usually due to family contingencies involved. Child abuse- A term that is associated with dire pain and agony for the child. It’s not just a harm that is inflicted on the individual or the familial basis, but if we go and look out of our â€Å"little world† scenario, we find that it’s a larger problem with a larger consequence base. Children who grow up having such experiences, in turn are more likely to inflict abuse on their own children. This becomes a vicious circle, which lingers on and on. It not just has its effect in the immediate family; it explodes and infects the society altogether with crime, drugs, disease and callousness. It’s a state of emotional, economic and sexual maltreatment meted out to a person below the age of eighteen and is globally prevalent phenomenon. According to WHO :† child abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power† (World Health Organization, 1999). Different connotations may be attached with â€Å"child abuse† in different cultures and socio-economic background. There are majorly 4 types of child abuse inflicted upon children. The WHO defines them as: 1. Physical abuse – physical abuse is inflicting of physical injury upon the child. This may include burning, hitting, punching, shaking, kicking, beating or otherwise harming a child. The parent or the caretaker may not have intended to hurt the child. It may, be the result of over-discipline or physical punishment that is inappropriate to the child’s age. 2. Sexual abuse – sexual abuse is inappropriate sexual behavior with the child. It includes fondling a child’s genitals, making the

Life after Hurricane Katrina Personal Statement

Life after Hurricane Katrina - Personal Statement Example I was forced to develop my critical thinking skills when I spent six months trying to find a job but got nowhere. I was at a crossroads where I needed to make a decision about whether my time was better spent continuing to look for work, which may or may not have been a fruitful search, or whether I should rededicate myself to pursuing academics in order to invest in my future and in my husband's future. The latter decision would be an enormous sacrifice. We really needed to make ends meet; and finding a way to boost my income rather than spending money on my education would have been the easy decision to make. Nevertheless, after seriously thinking through the options, I began to realize that making the choice to go to work now would have meant giving up on my future. I had to think critically about what I would be gaining and losing under both options. Working right away would have helped us to live more comfortably in the short term, but would have locked us into a situation where we would always be living on the edge of subsistence. Perhaps most importantly, I knew I would never really be happy. I had decided long ago that my happiness was directly linked to my work in the medical profession. I began to realize I would always harbor some resentment toward myself if I gave up on that dream in order to placate a temporary crisis in my life. Researching my options for breaking back into the medical profession led me to discover that this was the right course of action. It has been my lifelong vision to care for the health and the quality of life of other human beings. Ultimately, my ability to think critically led me to the conclusion that I needed to think with my heart and never give up on my hopes and dreams, regardless of whatever crises I might be confronted with in my life. Moreover, Katrina's impact on my life has led me to the conclusion that perseverance is the fundamental ingredient for achieving any kind of dreams that one may have. Perseverance entails not only a willingness, but an absolute resolve to stay the course in the pursuit of one's goals, despite even the most serious challenges that may arise. Without perseverance, it is easy to get side-tracked and lose focus on the ultimate objective. Perseverance enables a person to transform an apparent tragedy like Katrina into a real opportunity to further one's progress toward a goal. Without it, the ramifications of that hurricane would be affecting my life today to a much greater extent that it has been allowed to. Perseverance is the key tool for saying "no" to a tragedy: "you will NOT rob me of my goals and dreams!" Perseverance has also come into play in my life when other, less serious, challenges have arisen. It has enabled me to be true to my values at many points in my life. My values, including my prioritization of family, work and other responsibilities, my guidelines for my treatment of others, my principles for handling ethical dilemmas, and my overall life philosophy, have all been heavily influenced by various people, institutions and events in my life. Perseverance has enabled me to stay grounded in my values regardless of what life has thrown at me. There have been many experiences in my life that

Encounter Point movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Encounter Point - Movie Review Example Thus, a thorough gaze at the film shall indicate that the film ‘Encounter Point’ presents a conflict between two parties in general which is very systematic and shown all through till before the final predicament of the movie appears where an amicable settlement amidst long – drawn violence is depicted. The renowned movie reviewing agency, Time Out, New York comments about the movie ‘Encounter Point’ that â€Å"Something else entirely. . . Ronit Avni and Julia Bacha never flinch from the brutal tragedies these men and women have endured, thereby capturing the heroism of their nonviolent choice.† A) Apolitical or neutral is a very vague term at least in the domain of international relationships. However, director Ronit Avni and her creative crew tried their best to display the situations within the documentary from a neutral point of view. However, some scenes tend to be pro-Palestinian and some other is casted in a hue that is pro-Israeli. The instances of attacks on Palestinians are more in number within the documentary than upon Israelis. The gruesome incidents where, George who lost her 12 years old daughter or Ali whose brother was killed by the Israeli soldier are all Palestinian victims. But also there is Robi who is seen on the very onset of the documentary bereaving for his dead young son who was encountered by Palestinian sniper. The film ‘Encounter Point’ definitely reassures the resolution in its own terms and retells the story of Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Hebron as the cameras moved many other places too where the crew found men and women are striving towards reconciliation. B) A ‘balanced’ film in the context of conflict indicates a presentation or portrayal of events and plotting of those in a manner that tends to strike a balance between the two regimes in conflict and at the same

Criminal Liability Case Study

Criminal Liability Case Study This assignment will explore many interesting questions considering criminal liability of Jane, Francine, Sam and Allan, actus reus, mens rea and the circumstances when a person is liable for the criminal acts of another. Every criminal offense has two components: one of these is objective, the other is subjective; one is physical, the other is mental; one is the actus reus, the other is the mens rea. The actus reus generally differs from crime to crime. In murder it is homicide; in burglary it is the nocturnal breaking into the dwelling of another; in uttering a forged instrument it is the act of offering as good an instrument which is actually false. In like manner the mens rea differs from crime to crime. In murder it is malice aforethought; in burglary it is the intent to commit a felony; in uttering a forged instrument it is knowledge that the instrument is false plus an intent to defraud. Perkins Boyce Criminal Law 830-831 (3rd ed. 1982). [1]The actus reus must be causally related to the mens rea for a crime to occur: An evil intention and an unlawful action must concur in order to constitute a crime. 93 N. E. 249. Although it is frequently said that no mens rea is required for a strict liab ility offense, the actus reus alone being sufficient (see e. g. , 361 U. S. 147, 150 and 342 U. S. 246, 256), it is more useful to identify a special mens rea for the civil offense that recognizes the low level of culpability connected with a strict or civil offense. As to the act being sufficient even in the strict liability setting, a guilty act (as opposed to a coerced act for example) would seem required. Hall, General Principles of Criminal Law 222-27 (2d ed. 1960)[2]. corpus delicti. http://www. answers. com/topic/actus-reus#Notes Latin: a mind to be accused; a guilty mind. In many systems of law, criminal guilt requires not  only that an act was performed (actus reus) but also that it was performed with an appropriate  mind-set. Having the intention to perform a crime is sufficient, but not necessary to mens rea. Foreseeing a side-effect such as a death could count, even if the death is not intended, and  reckless negligence could also constitute mens rea. As an element of criminal responsibility, a  guilty mind; a guilty or wrongful purpose; a criminal intent. Guilty knowledge and willfulness. A fundamental principle of criminal law is that a crime consists of both a mental and a physical  element. Mens rea, a persons awareness of the fact that his or her conduct is criminal, is the  mental element, and actus reus, the act itself, is the physical element  mostly crimes, including common-law crimes, are defined by statutes that usually contain a  word or phrase indicating the mens rea requirement. A typical statute, for example, may require  that a person act knowingly, purposely, or recklessly. Sometimes a statute creates criminal liability for the commission or omission of a particular act  without designating a mens rea. These are called strict liability statutes. If such a statute is  construed to purposely omit criminal intent, a person who commits the crime may be guilty even  though he or she had no knowledge that his or her act was criminal and had no thought of  committing a crime. All that is required under such statutes is that the act itself is voluntary,  since involuntary acts are not criminal. http://www. answers. com/topic/mens-rea Janes criminal liability for the injuries lina An examination of Janes liability of he harm caused Lina must start by considering the harm done. The expression badly Burt is suggestive grievous harm bodily harm , so opening up the possibility of offences contrary to both s. 18 and s. 20 of Offences Against the Person Act 1861. [3] Under s. 18 there would have to be proof that Jane had caused grievous bodily harm, which these purpose would be satisfied by evidence that the burns constituted serious harm Rv sanderts 1985 crime Lr230)[4] there are no causation issues. The throwing of fireworks causes the harm in fact and there is no evidence of any novus acuts intervenient. The problem for prosecution would be regarded as the mens rea, did Jane intend to cause grievous bodily harm to any person? Unless there is evidence that Jane foresaw such harm as virtually certain Rv wolling(1998)A ALL ER103) [5]. There will no basis for a s. 18 charge. Proof of such forsight seems unlikely, especially if the throwing of the firework was meant as a prank, further problems would arise under s18 in respect of Janes alcohol consumption. The offence is one of specific intent so Jane was intoxicated therefore she cannot be guilty of the s 18 offence see DPPv Majewski (1976) All ER42, [6]. Whether or not Jane was intoxicated will be question of fact for the jury. Above mentioned points in a mind a charge under is s20 of the Offence Against the Person Act 1861 would seen more promising. The prosecution will have to prove that Jane maliciously inflicted grievous bodily harms on the lina. The harm will be made out as can be regarded as synonymous with causing Rv Burstow Rv Ireland 1997AC 147[7]. The mental element here requires proof that Jane farsaw the possibility of some Diolock LJ in mowatt (1967) 3 ALLER 47[8]. On the fact is it possible that Jane did not foresee any physical harm, especially if she gave no thought to the possibility of there being anyone on the other side of the hedge. If Jane was intoxicated she could still incur liability unders s20. a (basic intent crime) if there is evidence that she was reckless in becoming intoxicated and, as a result, was unaware of a risk of physical harm being caused that she would have been aware of had she been sober. DPPV Majewski [9] and subsequent decisions such as Rv Rivhardson and Irwin (19 99) [10] crime LR 494 and Rv hardie (1984) 3 ALL ER 848. [11][12] If the harm done does not amount to grievous bodily harm, or the mens rea for s 20. cannot be established, Jane may be charged under s47 of the Offence Against the Person Act 1961 the she assaulted lina and thereby occasional actual bodily harm The burns would undoubtedly satisfy the definition of actual bodily harm Rv Miller (1954)) 2. QB 282[13]. The only mens rea required would be intension to assault or reckless, but the subjective recklessness Rv cunninghum (1957). 2 QB 396[14][15]. Jane must therefore, be proved to have been aware if risk that another person might be assaulted or battered by her actions, so there would be no need to show that she foresaw any actual bodily harm Rv savage. Rv parameter (1992) 1 AC 699 [16]again s 47 is basic intend crime that comments regarding the significance of intoxication in relation to s 20 apply here. Francines criminal liability accomplice Jane. Francine encourage Jane to throw the fire work and can be described as someone who a betted to offence by Jane. Francine was the scene of the crime and spurred Jane on Francine will argue that she did not think that anyone would be avail her. Accomplice will be party to all the unforeseen or accidental consequences of the agreed course of conduct carried out by the principal offender. In the present cane Jane dose precisely what Francine tells . she should do, so Francine will be a party to resulting offences Rv Betts and Ridley (1930) 22 Cr App R148 and Rv Baldessare (1930) 22 Cr App R 70[17]. It is possible that Francine as an accomplice may be charged with and found guilty of a more serious offence than that which Jane is charged with. Note of the Francine is sober so she may be capable of greater foresight of harm occurring to another. There is nothing in principle to prevent Francine being charged with a more serious offences than that charged against Jane. Sams criminal liability against regarding the milk Sam may be guilty of theft milk. It is clearly property belonging to another s. 4(1) and s. 5(1) of the Theft Act 1968. He appropriates the milk by hiding it s. 3(1) of the 1968 Act. Any assumption of any right of the owner can amount an appropriation of property. It is hard to see any argument by which he could claim not to dishonest. The only issue is intension to permanently deprive. Sam will argue that he had no such intension, but s 6(1) of the Theft Act 1968 provides that even if he did not actually intend Jane to permanently lose the milk, his dealing with it can be regarded as evidence id his having the intension of permanently depriving her of it. Because sam chose to treat the milk as his own to dispose of regardless of Janes right. Rv cahill (1993) Crime LR141[18], suggest the removing anothers property to another palce as a prank falls outside s. 6(1) but the courts are likely to fallow DPP v Lavender (1993) Crime LR 297,[19] which suggests that such action can be theft. The perishable nature of the commodity will strengthen the prosecution case on this point in the event. Milk could also provide the basis for criminal damage charge contrary s 1(1) of the Criminal Damages Act 1971. Sams criminal liability regarding the deflated tyres Deliberately deflating the tyres could be criminal damage to s 1(1) of the Criminal Damages Act 1971 the point to note here is that the tyres can be damaged simply by being altered. The mens rea is evident. A charge of aggravated criminal damage contrary to s. 1(2) might also be considered, but if the car cannot be driven because the tyres are flat it would be difficult for the prosecution to prove that sam intended to endanger life or was reckless as to whether his action would have that effect. Tempering with the brakes, by contrast, would support as s. (2) offence. It should be noted that, following Rv G (2003) 4 ALL ER 765, [20]the recklessness involved in the offence of criminal damages is subjective so assuming his intension to damage property can be taken as evident from the fact. The prosecution would have to prove that sam was aware of the risk that like would be endangered as result of the damage to the property, and that the circumstances known to him, it had been unreason able for him to take risk. Allans liability regarding the telephone calls. Lord steyen in R v burtow , R v Ireland (1998) AC 147, held that both grievous bodily harm and actual bodily harm could take the form of neurotic disorder induced by a defendants conduct. It was also accepted in that case that such harm could be caused without any direct assault on the victim by the defended. Whether a case involved grievous bodily harm or actual bodily harm would simply be a matter of degree. The House of Lords also held in that case that although in s. 47 actual bodily harm cases as assault had to proven, it could be committed by the use of words alone, by a telephone call, even by silent telephone call. The prosecution would have to prove however, that the victim apprehended immediate physical violence as result the telephone calls. On the basis Allan could be charged s. 47 in respect of the harm he causes to Pauline. There is no problem in relation to causation. As to mens rea , the fact that telephones the wrong victim by accident is irrelevant. The principle of transferred malice would apply, the identity of the victim being irrelevant. Rv Latimer (1886) 17 QBD 359. [21]Problems might arise under s20. in establishing that Allen acted maliciously Rv Mowatt) as above mentioned. He might not have foreseen the risk of any physical harm occurring to anyone . On the basis of s. 47charge seems more likely. The only mens rea required would be evidence that Allen foresaw the risk of another person apprehending immediate physical violence as result of his telephone calls. Whether or not this could be establish would depend to a large extent on the evidence of that he said when making the calls. The statement ‘I am coming to fire bomb your house in tow min would be an example of a threat the required intent would probably be made out. Sam liability as an accomplice to Allen Sams  counsels Allen in the commission of the offences against Pauline in the sense that persuades him to make calls, there is a connection between sams requests and the actions of Allen. Allen acted within the scope of the authority given by Sam Rv Calhaem(1985) 2 ALL ER 266[22]. That Allen hurts Pauline. Not Jane, is irrelevant. Only if Allen had deliberately chosen a different victim would sam have escaped liability as an accomplice Rv saunders and Archer(1573) 2 plowed 473[23], as an applied in Rv Leaby (1985)Crim LR99[24]. Sam has the mens rea to be accomplice. There is no deliberate departure from the common design by Allan. The issue in above question is with regards to criminal liabilities of Jane, Francine, Sam, Allan  the likelihood of they will be charged for Offences Against Person Act 1861, Theft Act .s18, s20, Jane throw fire on linas garden which causes badly burnt, grievous badly harm, Thus the Offences contrary comes under s18 or s20, Francine was the scene of the crime and spurred Jane on, Francine accomplice will be a party to all the unforeseen or accidental consequences of the of the agreed course of conduct carried by the principal offender. Sams liability comes under Theft Act 1968 he appropriates the milk by hiding it by assumption of property even if he did not actually intend Jane to permanently depraving her of it, also deflating the tyres could be Criminal Damages Act (1971). A charge of aggravated criminal damage contrary to s. 1(2), if the car cannot be driven, intended to endangered, like same way Allan foresaw the risk of another person apprehending immediate physical violence as a result of his telephone calls Thus Allan could be change under s 20 s 47 in respect of the harm he causes to Pauline even if the principal of transfer malice would apply and even If sam console in the commission of the offence against Pauline that he persuades him to make the cause. The men rea required would be the intension to assault or subjective recklessness. Sources Used [1] Perkins Boyce Criminal Law 830-831 (3rd ed. 1982). [2] Hall, General Principles of Criminal Law 222-27 (2d ed. 1960) [3] Offences Against the Person Act 1861. [4] Rv sanderts 1985 crime Lr230) [5] Rv wolling(1998)A ALL ER103) [6] DPPv Majewski (1976) All ER42, [7] Rv Burstow Rv Ireland 1997AC 147 [8] Diolock LJ in mowatt (1967) 3 ALLER 47 [9]  Diolock LJ in mowatt (1967) 3 ALLER 47 [10] Rv Rivhardson and Irwin (1999) [11] Rv Rivhardson and Irwin (1999) [12] Rv Rivhardson and Irwin (1999) [13] Rv Rivhardson and Irwin (1999) 14 Rv cunninghum (1957). 2 QB 396[15] 15 Rv savage. Rv parameter (1992) 1 AC 699 [17] Rv Betts and Ridley (1930) 22 Cr App R148 and Rv Baldessare (1930) 22 Cr App R 70 [18] Rv cahill (1993) Crime LR141 [19] fallow DPP v Lavender (1993) Crime LR 297, [20] Rv G (2003) 4 ALL ER 765, [21] Rv Latimer (1886) 17 QBD 359. [22] Rv Calhaem(1985) 2 ALL ER 266 [23] Rv saunders and Archer(1573) 2 plowed 473 [24] Rv Leaby (1985)Crim LR99

The Evil of the Age :: Short Stories Papers

The Evil of the Age August 26th, 1871, was a humid, busy Saturday at the Hudson River Depot in New York City. Sweat and fatigue had crept in by mid-afternoon, when a porter suddenly smelled the stench of decaying flesh. Along the wooden platform lay hundreds of trunks and bags, piled haphazardly, ready for loading onto a Chicago-bound train. During rough handling in the baggage room, the lid of an ordinary, 2'8" by 18" packing trunk had cracked open, releasing the foul stench. The porter immediately called Robert Vandeward, the baggage-master. Vandeward deliberated for a moment, then moved the trunk, bringing it out of the public eye and into a nearby, open railway building. He wrenched loose the thin rope and flimsy lock that secured the lid, popping it open. First he saw an ordinary quilt. He tossed it aside, and stared at a soiled, bloodstained army blanket. The growing crowd of railway attendants leaned in. As he pulled away the blanket, the attendants gasped and covered their mouths. Doubled up in fetus position was the naked corpse of a young woman, her thin shoulders draped with thick, golden curls. Her body had been crushed into the trunk, her head forced over her breasts and her limbs drawn in tightly. Her mouth hung open in awkward distortion and her bright blue eyes stared blankly from their pale, discolored sockets. The pelvic area was bloody and decomposed. In minutes, railroad officials rushed up and down the tracks in search of the trunk's owner. Police questioned onlookers. Voices rose across the station, as a frenzied chaos spread. Young Alexander Potts, known as "Paddy," spoke up. The twelve-year-old boy helped passengers with their bags, making a living scrambling for spare change. He had helped check the trunk just a half-hour before. According to his testimony, an 18- or 19-year-old woman arrived at the station at 2:30 p.m. in a one-horse coupà ©. She wore a common calico dress and a thin shawl. She beckoned Paddy, saying "Sonny, can you tell me where the ticket office is?" When a truck arrived with the trunk, she paid him to help lift it. She urged him to be careful - it contained glass. She would never be found. Earlier that day, she'd hired the truckman to transport the trunk. Paddy had young, keen eyes. He remembered the small inscription on the truck's cab - "Tripp" - which became, for a brief time, a holy grail of sorts.

Honda Environmental Leadership Essay

Honda Motor Co. is the largest motor cycle manufacturer and a leading automaker in the world. With a worldwide network of over 501 subsidiaries, Honda’s diverse portfolio includes small sized general purpose engines to scooters and sports cars. The philosophy of Honda Motor Co. is well entrenched with the Japanese culture of pursuing the ‘triple joys’. The triple joys reflect the joys of buying, selling and creating. The company has been particularly recognized world over for its initiatives in tackling environmental challenges. Although environmental concerns and need for reciprocative action became eminent in the mid 1980s, Honda’s efforts in this direction can be attributed to the 1960s when air pollution was first understood. The environmental leadership at Honda is deeply rooted in the company’s vision to be ‘a company that the society wants to exist’ (Honda Motors, 2010). Today people throughout the world have become conscious of the damages automobiles can do to our environment. Thus we see environment friendly automotive technologies emerging in response to uncovering environmental situation. The concept of Green Motoring has taken shape, which involves using alternative fuels in order to reduce air pollution. Among the efforts automotive manufacturers take to contribute to the environment, is the use of fuels generated from bio alcohols and bio mass. Green motoring is now focused on using hydrogen as a fuel (Green Field H 2008). The vision of the company is indeed too radical, at least with respect to environment protection. Wanting to see itself as an entity that the society doesn’t object, is indeed an unprecedented thought, reflecting its understanding of public thinking. This philosophy also highlights the importance it attaches to public perception of environmental degradation. The company seems to believe that the society will allow it to exist only if it is compliance with its expectations. It is therefore no wonder that Honda had taken a leadership role well ahead of its competitors, proactively. The environmental impact has been fully analyzed, encompassing its manufacturing process, the vehicles manufactured, the support activities like administration, transportation etc. The environment friendly initiatives are reflected in all its subsidiaries throughout the world. Honda seems to have made environmental concern a part of its global strategy. All Honda operations throughout the world, have a significant bearing with respect to environment protection for the countries in which they operate. Discussion Honda seeks to create new value by incorporating innovative ideas that reflect the changing needs. The company is committed to the future, by minimizing its effects on the environment and its intake of earth’s resources. A recent survey by DuPont and the Society of Automotive Industry (SAE) has identified environmental concerns as being the biggest challenge for the industry. According to Chris Murphy DuPont director, environmental considerations are transforming vehicle design and development and have become a differentiator in the marketplace. About 54% of the respondents saw fuel efficient vehicles with reduced environmental impact as being primary to the consumers (Laura 2008). On its part, Honda seeks to address climate change, produced due to higher concentration of CO2, CFC and other greenhouses gases. By introducing hybrid and fuel economizing technologies, CO2 emissions are not only reduced in Honda vehicles, but throughout its entire corporate activity. With regard to depletion of resources, Honda has been developing technologies, solar cell development and energy saving technologies. The company is well set to be ahead of the stipulations expected of it, as a vehicle manufacturer. The ongoing regulations are only expected to get tougher with time, and vehicle manufacturer in particular have to be well prepared to achieve the required standards. The Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) requires cars and SUVs to increase their fuel efficiency by about 4% each year. Thus by 2020, a fuel efficiency of about 35 miles per gallon has to be achieved (Crawley, 2007). The compliance of Honda to environmental concerns is evident from its 1972 development of the CVCC engine in compliance with the US Clean Air Act, which was the world’s toughest emission regulation of the time. The company pursued its development of catalytic converter and other such clean emission technologies in the last four decades resulting in its vehicles emissions being reduced to 1/1000 of its 1970 levels. Honda is currently promoting its Green Factory initiative worldwide, together with energy conservation and waste reduction initiatives in its non-production activities. About 324 subsidiaries including 224 non-manufacturing companies have been covered by this (Honda Motors, 2010). The direct and indirect energy consumption at Honda Motors is shown in Appendix 1, while region wise energy, water consumption and waste are shown in Appendix 2. The genuine efforts in wanting to pass a beautiful natural environment to the future generation is reflected in the company setting up its own independent goals and working towards the same. Some of the notable concepts in Honda environmental aspirations are: Green Vehicle development: Striving towards development of zero emission for all its vehicles, Honda became the first Japanese company to comply with the recent emission regulations. The company developed a special exhaust air injection system and a programmed system for fuel injection which is currently used in its VFR motorcycle. The company’s 50cc Giorno Crea scooter is highly fuel efficient and also environment friendly. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV): Even as early as 1986, Honda had been involved in the development of a hydrogen powered fuel cell electric vehicle, today seen in the form of FCX Clarity FCEV. The car has been the result of two decades of work by Honda’s engineers, in an effort to truly preserve the earth’s environment. The car uses an electric motor and a fuel cell stack and does not emit any CO2. When the fuel cell stack was developed for the first time in 1999, it was too large and bulky. Through continuous research and development the fuel cell stack underwent transformation to become smaller and lighter and yet more powerful (American Honda, 2010). This in turn enabled the vehicle to become elegant and comfortable. The highlights of FCX Clarity FCEV are: †¢ Only water vapor emission †¢ Reduces carbon dioxide emissions significantly †¢ Certified as a zero emission vehicle (ZEV) Green Dealer: The Green dealer concept streamlines and enables efficient use of water, electricity and paper through continuous assessments and improvements of existing systems. The concept is directed at conservation of the environment and keeping the polluting activities to a minimum (HMSI, 2007). Creating an awareness of environment among the employees and the general public is also a part of this scheme. Goal setting: Honda’s efforts towards environmental preservation are reflected through individually defined targets. In 2006 it set emission reduction goals for CO2 emission, to be reached by 2010. In 2007 the company set targets for reducing environmental impact, also intended to be achieved by 2010. The company is on track to reach targets. The future is only getting tougher for the vehicle manufacturers, though Honda is firmly set to meet the required goals. While setting environmental goals for itself, across global operations, Honda has been too detailed in its approach. The company approached the environment problem from several perspectives. As part of its global environmental policy, Honda sets specific goals with regard to its Life Cycle Assessment System, by which the environmental impact is measured and analyzed. Apart from monitoring and reducing its emissions, it also studied and monitored the impact on environment due to its emissions. The company through its suppliers and partners, thus sought solutions through innovations and technologies, to look for ways to be in harmony with nature. Honda of Canada Manufacturing (HCM) was among the first auto manufacturers to receive the ISO 14001 certification. HCM today recycles about 99% of its production waste and is working towards 100% recycling (Cambridge Center Honda, 2010). The company is credited with bringing the first Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) to Canada. In 2003 when it started production of the Civic GX, the car was rated by the EPA as having the cleanest IC engine in the world. In 2002 March, Honda introduced the Honda life cycle assessment system (LCA) to estimate the environmental impact of its products. CO2 is one of the main elements that are monitored through this assessment of products, from manufacturing to disposal. Corresponding to the levels detected, targets are set for all domains including production, sales and service, and administration, with initiatives implemented to achieve targets. In 2007 Honda introduced the product life cycle assessment system (LCA) which revolves on the CO2 emissions from a single vehicle through its lifetime. The calculations revealed that 78% of CO2 emissions are associated with product use and 6% during its emission. The company can now assess CO2 emissions more accurately, for every aspect of the vehicle’s life, thus contributing to reduction efforts. The CO2 targeted reductions are thus directed at 80% of the total emissions, with regard to LCA. Conclusion and recommendations All sectors of global economy are increasingly coming under environmental regulations to ensure that all business practices, no longer continue with disregard to the environment. The vehicle manufacturers are among the earliest to receive such stipulations as vehicles are a major contributor to pollution. These manufacturers are faced with a challenge of optimizing lean manufacturing and environment conservation. While the two aspects of manufacturing are important, the approaches to both are different, and have a huge bearing on the organization’s success. Honda is indeed an automaker with a vision for a sustained future, as evident from its setting up environment based goals and policies, proactively. The waste reduction culture at Honda indeed has obvious benefits for the environment (Maxwell, 1998). There are several societies and organizations that make up this world of ours. The culture and priorities of these are widely varied. Not all their approaches and intentions are the same. This reflects their attitude towards environment too. Although we share the same environment, there is no guarantee that competitors would be equally concerned of the environment. When some organizations take immense pain and effort to protect the environment, investing immensely in it, their competitors can easily make profits by avoiding or manipulating these. Environmental protection requires fundamentally an understanding, a concern of one’s actions on the environment. Honda has set an exceptional example by understanding its actions on the environment, and taking cautious and big steps towards ensuring a sustainable environment. The environment is a common habitat for all, whether one indulges in pollution or not. Organizations should follow the footsteps of Honda with a sense of same involvement and dedication, for only then we can give a future to the following generations.

Motor development and socialisation in sport

Motor development and socialisation in sport IntroductionThe main factors identified as being important to socialisation of children into sport and physical activity are family, peers, self-esteem (attitude), opportunity and social perceptions. Social development can have a profound effect on physical development. 'The most important means of learning societal rules and expectations is through social interaction, which is also true for human movement' (Payne and Isaacs 1995:60).Family is the first major influence in our social and physical development. Children learn their behaviour through the influence of their family, and this extends to the type of physical development activities they are exposed to. 'The family can therefore consciously or subconsciously shape their children's movement behaviour' (Payne Isaacs 1995:66). Children learn through play and 'play is often based on movement' (Payne and Isaacs 1995:65). However 'play' is not enough to develop effective fundamental motor skills. Children need opportunity to learn and practice these skills.1995-1998 Suzuki Esteem photographed in USA. Categ..."Children who are socialised into motor experiences are more likely to learn motor skills...Children who are not exposed to motor experiences are less likely to master motor skills' (Haywood 1995:84). As children develop a sense of identity within a group, their play becomes more involved and includes more specific movements with games involving co-operation and mutual participation.As children approach adolescence peer influence becomes stronger than family influence, 'As the child approaches adolescence, the family's influence generally begins to diminish and the peer group becomes an increasingly important social force' (Payne Isaacs 1995:67). The approval of peers is more strongly sought and this in turn influences the type of participation a child will take in certain activities. Children's attitudes towards activity is based on these influences. ''A child's peers have the potential to reinforce the sport socialisation process begun in the family' (Greendorfer Lewko 1978b, cited...

Abbreviations and Titles Used in College

Abbreviations and Titles Used in College Some abbreviations are appropriate in academic writing, while others are not appropriate. Below youll find a list of abbreviations you are likely to use in your experience as a student. Abbreviations for College Degrees Note: The  APA doesnt recommend using periods with degrees. Be sure to consult your style guide as recommended styling may vary.   A.A. Associate of Arts: A two-year degree in any specific liberal art or a general degree covering a mix of courses in liberal arts and sciences. It is acceptable to use the A.A. abbreviation in place of the full degree name. For example, Alfred earned an A.A. at the local community college. A.A.S. Associate of Applied Science: A two: Dorothy earned an A.A.S. in culinary arts after she earned her high school degree. A.B.D. All But Dissertation: This refers to a student who has completed all the requirements for a Ph.D. except for the dissertation. It is used primarily in reference to doctoral candidates whose dissertation is in progress, to state that the candidate is eligible to apply for positions that require a Ph.D. The abbreviation is acceptable in place of the full expression. A.F.A. Associate of Fine Arts: A two-year degree in a field of creative art such as painting, sculpting, photography, theater, and fashion design. The abbreviation is acceptable in all but very formal writing. B.A. Bachelor of Arts: An undergraduate, four-year degree in liberal arts or sciences. The abbreviation is acceptable in all but very formal writing. B.F.A. Bachelor of Fine Arts: A four-year, undergraduate degree in a field of creative art. The abbreviation is acceptable in all but very formal writing. B.S. Bachelor of Science: A four-year, undergraduate degree in a science. The abbreviation is acceptable in all but very formal writing. Note: Students enter college for the first time as undergraduates pursuing either a two-year (associates) or a four-year (bachelors) degree. Many universities have a separate college within called a graduate school, where students may choose to continue their education to pursue a higher degree. M.A. Master of Arts: The masters degree is a degree earned in graduate school. The M.A. is a masters degree in one of the liberal arts awarded to students who study one or two years after earning a bachelors degree. M.Ed. Master of Education: The masters degree awarded to a student pursuing an advanced degree in the field of education. M.S. Master of Science: The masters degree awarded to a student pursuing an advanced degree in science or technology. Abbreviations for Titles Dr. Doctor: When referring to a college professor, the title usually refers to a Doctor of Philosophy, the highest degree in many fields. (In some fields of study the masters degree is the highest possible degree.) It is generally acceptable (preferable) to abbreviate this title when addressing professors in writing and when conducting academic and non-academic writing. Esq. Esquire: Historically, the abbreviation Esq. has been used as a title of courtesy and respect. In the United States, the title is generally used as a title for lawyers, after the full name. Example: John Hendrik, Esq. It is appropriate to use the abbreviation Esq. in formal and academic writing. Prof. Professor: When referring to a professor in nonacademic and informal writing, it is acceptable to abbreviate when you use the full name. It is best to use the full title before a surname alone. Example: Ill invite Prof. Johnson to appear as a speaker at our next meeting.Professor Mark Johnson is speaking at our next meeting. Mr. and Mrs. The abbreviations Mr. and Mrs. are shortened versions of mister and mistress. Both terms, when spelled out, are considered antiquated and outdated when it comes to academic writing. However, the term mister is still used in very formal writing (formal invitations) and military writing. Do not use mister or mistress when addressing a teacher, a professor, or a potential employer. Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy: As a title, the Ph.D. comes after the name of a professor who has earned the highest degree awarded by a graduate school. The degree may be called a doctoral degree or a doctorate. Example: Sara Edwards, Ph.D. You would address a person who signs correspondence as Sara Edwards, Ph.D. as Dr. Edwards.

Traditional Challenge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Traditional Challenge - Essay Example Most of the Organizations in China, after they get the right Guanxi, they minimizes the rate frustrations, disappointments, and risks in their businesses. Once an organization gets the right Guanxi through the required authority, Guanxi determines how long that business will last depending on the competition that exists in the business environment. Most of the risks that may encounter a business are reduced once you have the right Guanxi system at work for you. The right Guanxi is a key factor when it comes to a business in China.Guanxi sometimes can be demanding when it comes to resources and time. The resources needed and time required in establishing this network is worth the investment as everything else in the business becomes secure. In the current China’s situation, Guanxi is to be considered as an asset. Looking at how China is growing business wise, Guanxi system will be of high help as it minimizes the risks in business. China has got a different way of doing busines s that they only do business with the people that they trust; having the Guanxi system in place they increase the chances on being more successful in their businesses.Although sometimes Guanxi can be mistaken for corruption, relationships are better virtues when it comes to businesses. Guanxi is usually regarded legal in Chinese culture and it does not involve bribery in any way. Before conducting any business in China, having a good relationship with a partner in business will increase trust and this is what Guanxi comes about with.

Place Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Place - Research Paper Example The reforms were used to make up the centralized the cultural and religious authority and power of the kingdom it helped in the assimilation of the local region in the through education. The most recent reform in the 29th century is the strategy to have the decentralization of the education. Movements that feel the change is detrimental to the heritage of the civil society countered them. At the start of the 1990s, there were quite a few examinations of democratization in Southeast Asia, where the observers argued that democratization in Southeast Asia was related to internal factors. These factors include the rapid change in the financial system, the cohesion or factionalization of dictatorial rulers, the sensitivity of the authenticity of administration, the size and approach of the middle classes, and inclination in civil culture. By distinction, recent educational analyses have accented the importance of peripheral factors on democratization and opinionated change in the Southeast Asian countries. Others have argued that internal forces, which press for democratization in the Southeast Asian countries habitually, gain power from external constituents, chiefly from the spread of democratic standards within the context of globalization. During the decade of the 1990s, Thailand went from the silent nation into a more exposed to international events nation. Naturally, Thailand was previously an open economy, and had received two previous influences of globalization. The initial beginning was in the late nineteenth century, which was the development of the rice market, and the subsequent in the late 1950s where the countrys initiation under the United States Cold War approach and fiscal support. However, most analysts agree that globalization in the 1990s has had a superior concentration. This was most obvious during the 1997--98 lucrative crisis whose descents lay in the nations economic freedom and better publicity to unconventional intercontinental