Aristotle and Meteorology Essay Example for Free

Aristotle and weather forecasting EssayIntroduction Aristotle wrote about many subjects that can be grouped into five general divisions logic, strong-arm works, psychological works, natural history works, and philosophical works. One of the little known physical works bear on weather forecasting. Aristotles views on meteorology argon fascinating, but many of the views were not complete. This paper compares only a hardly a(prenominal) of his views to actual meteorological positions. I. Biography A. Birth and growth B. Influence on writings II. Basis of Aristotles meteorology A. Elements and hypothesis B. Science and facts III. Water vapour and precipitation A. Aristotles view B. Science and fact.IV. Winds A. Aristotles view B. Science and fact Conclusion Aristotle explained the heterogeneous meteorological phenomenon in simplistic terms. The explanations match his theory of how numerate and shape were interrelated. Aristotles ideas on water vapor and precipitation were so mewhat accurate, considering that there were no tools to measure the atmosphere in his time. His views on rescind, however, were not accurate at all. He wrote extensively on winds, but never fully apprehend how wind pop offred. September 5, 2000 Aristotle on Meteorology Aristotle was born in 384 BC, at Stagirus, a Greek dependency on the Aegean Sea near Macedonia.In 367 BC, Aristotle entered the Academy at Athens and studied under Plato, attending his rebukes for a period of twenty years. In the later years of his association with Plato and the Academy, he began to lecture on his own account, especially on the subject of rhetoric. When Plato died in 347, Aristotle and otherwise of Platos students, Xenocrates, left Athens for Assus, and restrain up an academy (Encyclopedia 2). In 342, Aristotle returned to Macedonia and became the tutor to a very young black lovage the Great. He did this for the following(a) five to seven years.Both Philip and Alexander appear to arrive a t paid Aristotle high honor. There are stories that indicate the Macedonian court supplied Aristotle with funds for pedagogics, and with slaves to collect specimens for his studies in natural science (Encyclopedia 4). Aristotle returned to Athens when Alexander the Great began his conquests. He found the Platonic school flourishing under Xenocrates, and Platonism the dominant school of thought of Athens (Encyclopedia 5). Aristotle thus set up his own school at a place called the Lyceum. When precept at the Lyceum, Aristotle had a habit of walking about as he discoursed.It was because of this that his followers became known in later years as the peripatetics, meaning, to walk about (Shakian 126). For the next thirteen years, he devoted his energies to his teaching and composing his philosophical treatises. His institution integrated extensive equipment, including maps and the largest library collection in Europe. He is verbalise to leave given two kinds of lectures the more detai led discussions in the morning for an inner circle of go students, and the popular discourses in the evening for the general body of lovers of knowledge.At the sudden death of Alexander in 323 BC, the pro-Macedonian government in Athens was overthrown, and a general reaction occurred against anything Macedonian. A charge of impiety was trumped up against Aristotle. To escape prosecution he fled to Chalcis in Euboea so that (Aristotle says) The Athenians might not have another opportunity of sinning against philosophy as they had already d single in the person of Socrates (Encyclopedia 5). In the prototypic year of his residence at Chalcis he complained of a stomach illness and died in 322 BC (Encyclopedia 7). One of Aristotles writings is about meteorology.His theories are based on his belief that all objects in the valet de chambre are composed of mould and matter and the world is arranged according to the relative standing each object occupies in the universe (Shakian 127). Th is basis led to his theory that any motion was from the center or to the center (Encyclopedia 28). Aristotle saw the universe as a scale lying between the two extremes form without matter on one end, and matter without form on the other end. Additionally, he believed all matter is made of four bodies fire, air, water, and earth (Encyclopedia 29).With this information as a basis, it is no wonder that any rest theories would probably be incorrect. Scientific fact cannot disprove that all objects are of form and matter. Any one can agree or disagree with that philosophy. However, scientific fact does show that movement can occur in directions away from the center or toward the center. For example, solar radiation from the sun does not travel in direct lines to or from a center. Some of the radiation scatters into space. Some is reflects from the earths coat and is lost into space (Lutgens 37-43). institutionalize molecules do not move toward or away from a center. Air particles move in an space number of directions due to molecule size, shape, weight and composition. Finally, Aristotles theory that matter is made of four bodies is dramatically terse sighted. Air is a mixture of at least nine different components and is constantly changing in composition. Nitrogen and oxygen make up nearly 99% of the volume of dry air. Of all the components of air, nose candy dioxide is the most interest to meteorologists (Lutgens 5). In all fairness, Aristotle had no way to measure or determine the comminuted components of the atmosphere.In book 1, part 3 of Aristotles meteorology, Aristotle calculates his explanation of water vapor. His explanation describes the area between the muster of the earth and the visible portion of the Milky Way. It is important to note that he views the Milky Way as a plane or upper level surface (Aristotle, Meteorology 253). Aristotle is very close to a scientific termination when he deduced that what immediately surrounds the earth is not m ere air, but a fork of vapour, and that its vaporous nature is the reason why it condenses back to water again (Aristotle, Meteorology 253).His logic is enkindle when he indicates that this expanse of a body cannot be fire for then all the rest would have dried up (Aristotle Meteorology 254). In part 9, Aristotle addressed the issue of precipitation. He explained that air condensation into water becomes a swarm. Mist is what remains when a cloud condenses into water. He further explained that when water waterfall in small drops, it is wash, and when the drops are larger, it is called rain (Aristotle Meteorology 267). This is one area where Aristotle was close to accurate. One faulting is his view of the Milky Way as a flat plane.Science has shown that the Milky Way is safe one of an infinite number of star galaxies. Aristotle complete water vapor existed. He also realized that the area between the earth and the heavens was not fire. What Aristotle deduced as water vapor is sci entifically referred to as a parcel of air. As the air parcel rises, it cools and may condense to form a cloud (Lutgens 81). Aristotle believed the remains of water vapor that did not form a cloud was mist. Actually, what remains is just other air parcels. The energy used to condense the air molecule is released as latent heat creating a cycle of rising and sinking air molecules (Lutgens 82-83).Aristotle provided names for the size of water droplets. It is possible that Aristotle coined the names drizzle and rain. Scientifically, drizzle is defined as small droplets of less than . 5 mm. Rain is defined as droplets of . 5 mm to 5 mm (Lutgens 131). Aristotle dedicated several chapters to the theory of winds. Without scientific measurements, the cause or theory of wind was difficult to determine or explain. Aristotle compared wind to a flowing river in book 1 (Aristotle Meteorology 348). Unfortunately, Aristotle could not discern why the river of wind never dried up.Therefore, he aband oned that theory and analogy of wind and simply tried to explain rivers instead. In book two, he dedicated third more chapters to wind. Aristotle used his theory of water vapor and direct observation of something he called smoke to describe the fact of wind. He related the rising water vapor and the heat of the sun. This combination created wind. Rain contributed to wind development by causing calm winds after a rain (Encyclopedia 191). Wind must have been a difficult subject for Aristotle to explain, considering how much was written about the subject.The facts indicate he was close to an answer but never fully understood the concept of wind. The definition of wind is the result of horizontal differences in air compact. Air flows from areas of high pressure to areas of lower pressure. It is natures method to balance inequalities of pressure. Unequal heating of the earths surface generates the pressure differences. Therefore, solar radiation is the ultimate driving force of wind ( Lutgens 149). The effects Aristotle explained were often the results of the pressure changes. He realized the sun had some influence.The clam wind after a rain is an occurrence with strong thunderstorms that leave a micro scale high-pressure dome in their wake (Lutgens 153). Aristotle explained the various meteorological phenomenon in simplistic terms. The explanations match his theory of how matter and shape were interrelated. Aristotles ideas on water vapor and precipitation were somewhat accurate, considering there were no tools to measure the atmosphere in his time. His views on wind, however, were not accurate at all. He wrote extensively on winds but never fully comprehended how wind occurred whole shebang Cited Aristotle. Great Books of the Western World.Volume 1. Chicago Robert P. Gwinn, 1990. Aristotle. Meteorology 113 438. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Internet Address http//classics. mit. edu/Aristotle/meteorology. 1. i. html. Translated by E. W. Webster. 27 Au g. 2000. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1-321. University of Tennessee at Martin. Internet Address http//www. utm. edu/research/iep/a/aristotl. htm. 24 Aug. 2000. Lutgens, Frederick K. and Edward J. Tarbuck. The Atmosphere. New Jersey Prentice Hall, 1992. Sahakian, William S. and Mabel Lewis Sahakian. Ideas of the Great Philosophers. New York Barnes Noble Inc. , 1970.